Internal-combustion motor.



o. H. ATKINS.y INTERNAL GOMBUSTION MOTOR. `APPLICATION PLBD .TUNE 7. 1905.

Patented June 22, 19U9.

9 S TS-SHEET 1.

G. H. ATKINS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR,

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7,1905.

Patented June 22, 1909.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

0. H. ATKINS. INTERNAL COMBUSTIN MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7,1905.

G. H. ATKINS.-

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

`APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7,1905.

Patented June 22, 1909l V,sLslgEETS-SHEET 4.

c. H. ATKINYS. INTERNALKCOMBUKSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1905.

SHBETS-SHBET 5.

Patented June 22, 1909.

' G.- H. ATKINS.

INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1905.

9 SHEETS-SHBBT 6.

Patented June 22, 1909.

C. H. ATKINS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1905.

Patented June v22, 1909.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

C. H. ATKINS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR. 4APPLIGMION FILED JUNE 7,1905.

Patented June 22, 1909.

C. H. ATKINS. t INTERNAL GOMBUSTION MOTOR. i APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1905.

Patented June 22, 1903#I 9 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

f enginesor'motors of the internal combustion .class,'x id\ incliides in combination with one,

, 4preferably .a pluralityof Working cylintroleui'n ,or like hydrocarbon asthey motive 4f. thfepistoii at constant pressure but with va-.

CHARLES HENRY ATKINS, or SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.'

" INTERNAL-COMBUsTioN Moron.

No.e25,793.

it may concern.' 1 ,@Bet known that I, CHARLES .'Am'erica', .and resident of Springfield, in' the Acoi'iity of Hampden and State of Massachusetts,;have.invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Internal-,Combustion Mo. tors,offwhich 4the following isa full, clear,

undernet desoriptio'n, p y

This invention relatesto improvements in ders, unfair compressing machine or pump I 'i a;

nl deliyery into the yrespective Working cyl- -fonsupplying air under suitably high .coinionto commingle with the liquid fuel nd l v .object of the invention is to producea -motorfwhioh renders yit practicable to use pei `powerproducin agent the fuel or gas in Icombustion Witliin the motor cylinders being continuous and operating forcompara- -ftively long periods in eachv reciprocation of `lspectunlike that 'of the more'cominon types `of explosive gas-motors. M

An object, furthermore, is to provide in conjunction with the valve operating mechanism` ofthe cylinders,.reversing inechanism, through tlie instrumentality-of which vthe mainshaft of the motor may have, at pleasure, the rotation thereof instantly reversed. i

4Anotlier`-object of the invention is to .pro-

` videauxiliary means whereby gasolcne or the working cylinders, thereby considerably like highly volatile and combustible fluid may be initially utilized for starting the motor, .suchluse to be discontinued thereafterypermittingl to be brought into employment the means for supplying petroleum or other 4`hydrocarbon into the working cylinders as the motive power agent.

Another object' is to render uiiseful,--in stead of detrimental,-theheat developed by and radiated from the cylinders, by subjecting, to such developed and radiated heat, the

liquid fuel before .the latter is supplied into increasing the eiiiciency of the motor.

Another object is to provide aheater .in

and through which is received and passed the exhaust products of combustion from 4the Working cylinder, and through which heater "Speciication of Letters Patent. Application filed June 7,1906. Serial No. 264,190'.

. the compressed air passes in its Acourse from Patented Julie 22, 19091,. v 'i the air compressing cylinder to the Working cylinders, whereby suoli compressed air is heated to a high degree, greatly increasing' t`lie eii'iciency of the motor, wliich4 in addi` tioiito having the nature of an internal conibustion motor, partakes of the nature of a hot. air engine. ferred to is so constructed as to serve the further function of a muliler for the motor.

Another f object is to provide automatic controlling or regulating mechanism Whereby the quantity of liquid fuelwliich will be positively iumped through the respective Aworking cy indersv for admixture with compressed air, for combustion therein, will always be properly proportionate, as may be by the pressure, of the compressed air introduced into the working cylinders. And other lobjects are generally to organize the And the heater last repredetermined, to the quantity, as indicated motor and construct the components `thereof in-a comparatively simplenianner, permitf ting to be used, toa considerable extent duplicated 'portions'ofthe apparatuswith a view to economy in cost of construction.

And to these ends the invention consists in tlie cooperative combination and arrangement of mechanisms and appliances and the particular construction of devices or incohanisins and parts of the same all substan tially as hereinafter fully described and set forth in the claims. In the drawings-Figure l is a longitudi- .nal vertical section tlirougli the engine and its casing. Fig. 2 is a plan View of tlie engine with the upper part of the inclosing casing therefor removed, and in this view certain portions are represented in liorizontal cross section as taken on the line 2-2, Fig. 1,-the valve supporting parts for the opposite end cylinders in this view being understood as removed. 'Line lul, on Fig. 2 represent-s the vertical plane of section for Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a left end elevation of the engine. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross sectional view as taken on tlie line 4 4, Fig. 1. Figs.

5 to 8 inclusive are elevations of parts in section, showing the successive movement-s and corresponding positions of' the exhaust valve operating connections; and Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive are similar views in-illustratioii of the corresponding movements and positions of the inlet or admission valve operat- -ing connections. Figs. 5 and 9 represent the positions occupied by the respective parts represented -therein at" a f given time.

. 6' and 10,17 and'` 11, 81and12, likewise repre'- rsent respectively corresponding 'simultaneous positions of the' parts.' igr'lis a Vertical -section View of the -valve Aseatl plateefor one "off the internal'combustion cylinders.. Fig. 1 4is a horizontal sectional View ofthe same as-takenonlthe line 14-14,'Fig;` 13. 15v

- is a verticalv sectional view through the valve seat plate and cylinder shead for 4the air ,compressing cylinder, showing the inlet and e voutlet valves thereat.- Fig. 16 is a side elevation showing the-liquid fuel pump, as sepa rated from the engine in conjunction with which it is'uSed, together with its driving mechanism and with appliances' coacting..

therewith and with the air supplying means forv controlling the pumping efliciency of said liquid fuel pump. F ig.v17 is'aplan View ofthe same.. `Fig. 18 is an elevation ofthe same as' seen end wise as related tothe engine, and at right angles to Fig. 16. Fig."

19 -is. an enlarged vertical sectional view, through the liquid' fuel pump, as taken on the section lines vitl- 19, shown on both Figs. 2 and 17 ,-the positions of portions of the pump driving connections shown being in differentpositions from those se'en in Figs.

. 3 and`18. Fig. 20 is a diagrammatic,plan

showing vthe system in which the leading componentsvof this invention are included.

Figs. 21 and 22-are respectively transversel and longitudinal lsectional views through an appliance which serves the functionof a heater torv the compressed air employed in the engine, and also of a muffler for the disi charged products of combustion (which latter constitute the heating agent) ,-line 'is taken.

' Fig. 25 is an end elevation showing portions of the liquid-fuel pump-operating mechanism more or less as represented in Fig. 19, and showing relations of the parts for acquiring extreme strokes of the pumping plungers, and Figs. 26 and 27 are elevations at right angles to each other, showing the other extreme (for non pumping) in the positions of the operation governing parts of the last named mechanism.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding'parts in all of the views.

The general organization of the engine, in its preferable form, will be briefly stated as follows: A plurality of internal combustion, motive power or working cylinders 1,12, and 3, are arranged in .a row axially parallel and having alongside the one 3, a

the crank-shaft cylinder 4 comprised in an air compressor.9.1

10; and belowralllof the cylinders l to ver engine-shaft.V 7 with the cranks of 'which the pistons 6, 6,l 6, 'and 6a for the pistons, 5, 5, and 5 of the respective cylinders 1 to 4 are connected:jj Easeh` of the three working cylinders l, 2,an d' 3,7

its upper end head or closing wall an oil-fuel and an .air entrance openingv '12 and v' an exhaust openingv13,'-the air'compresso'r cylinder having in its Valve plateor-head an air. admission opening 14* and a Compressed air discharge opening,w1th .valves `14 and 15 therefor; and thereiare three outwardly opening inlet valves 16 for the respective inwardly Haring valveseat inlet openings of.

the Working cylinders and threevvalves 17-i endwiseinwardly opening for the cylinder.

exhaust openings 13.' The Valve stems18 .I

for the three inlet valves are extended endwse beyond the upper. end of the cylinders 1,2, and 3', in parallelism with each ,other and with the stems 19 of the valve17 lforthie l exhaust-openings;- andpositive valveyoper-.fy

ating means are providedfor the 'operation of the inlet valves and the .outlet valves inA proper time as to the individual ones of each set relatively' to the others, and also iny v proper time as regards the opening 'and clos-A ing periods of the inlet valves relatively to responding cylinders; and the air cmpressor embodies, 1n its construction, parts and arrangements very similar to those -1ncluded in and'appurtenant to the workingthe exhaust valves for the respectively 'core contained, suiic'ient to entirely 'submerge the apparatus, said casing serving toirmly support as well as inclose the motor mechanism.

The cranks 2O of the engine shaft are under.-

stood as set at thirds when the engine, as.

preferably designed, comprises three cylinders and respective pistons and piston rods or pitmans.

' The motor as here especi (although not necessarily), Acomprises the air compressor which is included as an essential apparatus forming part of the motor;

uy illustratedand it will be here stated that no particular construction or type of air compressor is section in Figs. 2l andv 22."l A conduit 25 leads from the heating chamber in the appliance 24 to a distributing chamber 26, from 12o necessarily employed, it .being only here lwhich latter the branch pipes 27 27, 27, lead tof-connection with .passages or chambers 2S,

4which are in communication (when the inlet valvesare open) with the cylinder inlets 12.

,Front chambers'fr passages 30, 30, 30, in communication H(when the exhaust' valvesare u open) withv the openings of the three cylinfrom the'cylinders; and trom this receiving chamber 32,. a conduit 33 leads to connection ders, lthe pipes or conduits 31', 31, 31, lead to connection'jivith the receiving chamber 32 for the products of combustion exhausting with the drum or heater' 24, subjecting the peinture raising action thereof, it being uni ti'rsteod that the chambers or passages fwithin 4this heater '24' respectively for the compressed air `and the exhausting products of combustion in passage.therethrough are i vseparated by suitable-walls 35 and lues 36, -so that the air and heated exhaust or dead gases will not come into mixing contact.

37 indicates an outlet-opening or conduit' for the discharge from the heater 24 At which is also amuitier), at now very slight pressure, of the exhaust dead gas.

40 represents a receptacle for a liquid fuel supply `which'rnay be petroleum or analogous hydrocarbon of low volatilization, connected -with the delivery conduit 42, with which a small oil pump 43, driven v constantly through connections with the engine shaft, and havingth'e discharge or delivery pipeV 44 by way of `the coupling connected branches 45, 45,- 45, is in communication with the tortuous passages 46 formed within the valve plates or upper end walls of the cylinders, and which have communications with the cylinder inlet openings 12. A ortion of the'conduit 44, which is locate in proximity to the coupled branch pipes 45and in intimate relation to the several cylinders, is within the .engiiie-inclosing, land, heavy oil-containing, casing, se that the heat absorbed from the radiation of the cylinders lbecomes eii'ective to raise the temperature of the oil being pumped to the cylinders orcoinbustion and the creation of motive power pressure therein. While so far as the` oil pump 43 is concerned, whateverV novelty in its specific construction may exist, it is 'not to he considered as a part of this inven-` tion or to be set forth in this patent, but

an' oil pump, of which the one shown is a .satisfactory exempliication, is to be considered cooperatively combined asa part of this new motor, the arrangement of driving connections between it and the engine shaft being new `and appurtenant to the motor organization; and there is also included in such organization, a regulating or control-` ling mechanism operated by a diaphragm subjectl by the connection of air pipe 47 between the receiving chamber A26 `and-the diaphragm or piston inciosing casing 48 to the pressure of air developed by the air coinpressor 10 and operative to vary the working efiiciency of the oil-pump in consequence of,

and in accordance with, the working eiliciency of the air-compressor, whereby' oil for combustion'introduced into the cylinders is quantitively proportionate to the pressure and quantity of the compressed air also delivered into the cylinders in conjunction with such oil.

The valve operating mechanism for each one of the working cylinders is constructed and arranged or timed so that the inlet and lexhaust `valves for 4the given -cylinder will have their alternating openings and closings in each cycle of engine operation for ingress vof the oil through the valve-.opened inletopening 12 for approximately one-half of the cyc e or complete rotation of the eno'ine shaft,-the exhaust opening being closetfor the entire time that the inlet is opened, but

becoming open, while the piston in the cyl inder is having its return or upward stroke,

4for the discharge of the dead gas or thenv non-effective products of combustion. 'And by reference to Figs. 5 to 12 inclusive, relative positions of the inlet and exhaust valves, for a time including the whole period of liquid fuel intake are representedf-Figs. 5 and 9 showing both valves in their `positions (bothclosed) in a midway instant in the cycle; Figs. 10 and 11 show the inlet valve partiallyandvully opened,-Figs. 6 and 7 showing the respective relative synchronized sitions ('still closed) of the exhaust valve. Tow, while Fig. 12 shows the inlet valve rcturned to its closed position, which it assumes when the piston for the given cylinder hasbeen forced" to itsy downward position and is at the end of its working stroke, the

exhaust valve, as shown in Fig. 8, is, now

seen to be fully open; and during the latter onehalf of :the cycle, the exhaust valve will remain open while the inletvalve will remain closed.

,. I will now describe the valveinechanism and cylinder head constructions in detail.

The upper end of each working cylinder, 1, 2, and 3, is constructed with what is herein termed a valve plate l50, through connects has adevious curse from the edge .A

portion of the Vcylind `rplate to its-'connection with thefliat annular'chamber. 52, as represented in Fig. 14, whereby the lincomingfoil has a course encircling lthe' wall 55 surroundingthe exhaust opening 'and reaches thev annular chamberv 52 in a direction best calculated 'to establish a circular Adistribution of the oil in said chamber 52,'.-

.where itv will thence pass through the `annular. slit 53 to commingle with the come, pressed air, whichfwill into the cylinder.

also pass therewith The valve plate propera cylinder `head'57, which comprisesl f therein theseparate chambers, 28 for vcompressed air induction, and 58-for the egress f'. of the exhaust. -`2e One of the aforementioned air feed pipes 27 communicates with the receiver 'or a'ir distributingv chamber .26,`

1 connecting into the chamber 28, while from the chamber 58 one of the pipes 31 leads to carry the products of combustion ultimately to and through the heater and muffler 21k The cylinder head 57 has the casings thereof, which 'inclose the chambers 28 and 58, -v constructed' with the upwardly extending,

` haust valves of such cylinder.

shaft 63 ha'sdo'wnwardly extending crank' parallel, centrally bored guides 59 and 60 -for the stems 18 and 19 of the yinlet and'v ex- `haust valves, which ystems at their upper vends have cross -heads of peculiar .construction, somewhatdifferent specifically as regards the stems of the 'inlet and exhaust valves respectively, which have their open- .lng -movements in opposite d1rect1ons,-'1t

members 64 with intermediate cranks or wrist pins 65, operatively engaged with the cross head of the inlet valve, and said rockshaft likewise has upwardly extending,

' paired crank members 66, united by the intermediate crank or wrist pin 67, operably engaged with the cross head provided to thestem of the exhaust valve. The stem of the inlet valve, as shownin Fig. 9, is externally screw threaded at its upper extremity, receiving screw engagement therewith of the depending hub portion 68 of the cross'member 69, which isy rigidly carried as a part thereof. Said hub member 68 is centrally circularly socketed, as seen -at 70, extending part-way to thebottom of. which is a cylindrical boss or hubV 71,"formed as a part of the .horizontal movable member has superimposed thereon, and bolted 4thereto and to the cylinder having o urnal Said rock-v if of the yokev comprised a part' of the cross head.' i. v

Studs or posts 73, 73, set and affixed in the opposite ends of the horizontal crossf member 69, and vertically extending, sustain,-in suitable separation thereabove and above the `movable cross ymember v'72, thetransverse horizontal vcross member 7 4, between the `under side of which,and the top side of the movable member 72, is an aperture or slide- Way 75, the lowerboundaryxof. which, as manifest, is movable,--the vertically bored upstanding'end'hubs of themember 72 hav- -nig -limiting abutments againstv the under side of the part 74. p

.The valvestem has an axial' passage 78 leading from its upper en d downwardly to a point near the junction of the stem with` thel valve, and terminatingin asideWiSe opening port 79, which at `all times is in communication with the air. chamber 28. .The light spring80, interposed between the upper end of the valve stem 18 andthe lower end of the boss 71', projecting-downwardly from the cross head 72, is a preferable provision: The air in compression-'is always present during the running of the motor in the chamber 2 8 through the port 79 and passage 78 and will exerta supportin tendency to Vmaintain the separable mem er"72 up to its position shown-inFig. 9,' but`a't times' when-the. motor is not running, the part 73 will naturally descend, and hence the spring 80 isregarded as a desirable, though not essential, provision.` A The two-part slide-block 82, through which the crank or wrist pin 65 engages, and A within which such wrist pin oscillates, has as necessary a sliding motion imparted thereto in conjunction withthemotion, in anarc, of the wrist pin 65, and through .this slideblock connection', the cross head derives a l movement bodily lin the line ofA the axis of the valve stem.

`The aforementioned connections for imparting the rocking movement to the rockshaft 63, between such-shaft and the engine shaft 7, are as follows: Aneccentric rod 83 .has the eccentric strap 84 thereof in encircling engagement about the eccentric 85 on the engine shaft; the upperend of the eccentric rod 83 is pivotally connected at 86 with a lever bar 87, which is intermediately pivotallymounted at 88, and has the block 89 thereon (capable of a sliding movement for the motor reversing action to be lhereinafter more fully set forth) pivotally connected to which block is the link or connecting rod 90,

which is also jointed to the crank arm 92 affixed on the rockshaft 63. See Figs. v23 and 24.' lVhen from the thrust of the eccentric on the. engine shaft the' lever bar is so swung as to upwardly force the connecting rod 90 and rock shaft arm 92, the crank pin 65 ywill move from the position shown in -25 openingv movement y9, `corresponding to 'the closed position 'of the inlet valve, to the positions shown in j Figs; and' l1, corresponding to the in-4 creasingly o cned positions of the inlet 5 valve; and tien, as the voscillation of the rock shaft 63 becomes reversed the valve will come to the closed position as shown in Fig. 9, and so remain for' about one-half cycle of the motor, and it will be here ex`V 10 plained that during the dwell or closing period of the inlet valve for `the period of aA half cycle, and while-the' rock vshaft 63 and crank pin 65 1s havmcr the movement from the Asition indicated in Fig. 9 to lthe 15 positionvindieated in Fig. 12, and from the -latter' position `back to the position shown 1n Fig. 9, vthe separate member 2.172 ofthe cross head yoke has its compensatingmovement downwardly and rela- 2-0 tively to the upper cross head member tionof the crank 65' of the rock shaft, and

yet permit the reverse oscillation of the crank without obstruction to the movements ofit-he valveoperating connections or the imposition of-any unduly hard seating pressure against the valve; and in this valve ac# tion the separable part 7.2 of the cross head widens from .the part 74 against'boththe air pressure thro'ugh'the valve stem passage 78 and 'against the spring 80,-the reactions of 'theairand spring pressure restoring the 1 )at-72tosits normal aperture contracting position.` The cross head provided at, the

40 kupper end of each exhaust valve stem 19 includes the same capability' for the positive actuation of the valve from the movement A of the rock shaft and crank 67 appurtenant' thereto during la portionof the escillation 4`5 of the'ci'ank G7, and for the dwelling, in

movement upwardly away from the cross member 69a which is attached to the upper .end of thevalve stem 19 and toward the upper tie member 74:11, so that it is on the downward arc course of the crank 67 that the valve opening movement is imparted` through the slide block-82*1,vwl1ile the dwell of the valve in its closed position 'is lduring the swing upward, and through the arc, of the rock shaft-crank 67; and the compensating movement in respect of the exhaust valve actuating connections, which the separable member 72n 1s permitted to l have for the dwell, closed, of the exhaust` valve, is against the reaction of the spiral .6 5 springs 95, which encircle the distance posts between the members 69a and 74, and which are subject to compression between the separate cross head members 72a and the mem` ber 74a. y

In Figs. 9 to 12, the relative `positions of the rock shaft crank pinsand 67 are shown byfull and dotted lines during the inlet valve opening operation of the cycle,

.and in Figs. 5 to 8 the successive relative positions of the rock shaft crank pins 67 and 65 are respectively shown as assumed during the sa'me period in the cycle in which the inlet valve moves from its closed to its fully opened, and back to its closed-positiom-it being understood that after the inlet valve has come to its closed positions it there dwells during the time-the exhaust valve is opened and until such valve is returned to its s'eat. A

As the engine is organized, there are thr'ee eccentrics distributed along the length of the engine shaft 7, with three sets of the connections including the eccentric straps and -rods 85, 83,osc1llating lever bars 87, and connecting rods jointed to the crank arms or short levers 92 of rock shaft 63. 'One rock shaft 63. extends over the third motor cylinder', 3, and the air compressing cylindr 4, and has the two pairs of crank pms 65 and 67 coperating with the cross head lappliances ofthe two pairs of inlet and exhaust valve stems for the motor cylinder 3 and the air compressor cylinder 4. And it ishere mentioned that the valve mechanism ofthe air compressor maybe in many respects like that of the working cylinders, although certain differences in specific constructions,

represented in Fig. 15, pertaining to`the air compressor improvements not considered a partof this invention, are not claimed herein. The left hand-set of each eccentric operated connections pertains to the valve operating mechanism for the left hand working cylinder l, while the middle set of these eccentric actuated connections pertains to the valve operating mechanism of motor cylinder 2.

As will be seen on reference to Fi s. 23 and 24, the oscillating bar or lever 8 has the intermediate pivot or trunnion, on which it rocks, extended atl one side only, so that theslidc block 89 may be moved lengthwise ofthe oscillatory bar 87 to either side of the center of oscillation.

`97, Figs.A 2, 23 and 24, represents what is herein termed a tumbling shaft, thesame having three arms 9S, to which the links 99 are connected and which also connect with the slide blocks 89 of the three sets of eccentric actuated connections for the aforc-v done through a wrench or 'immediate reversal of .the strokes of the cyl.

shown in full lines 'in`Fig. 23 totheextreme i oppositeposition shown in dotted lines' in said figures or in positions intermediate thereof.- And the positioning of the slide blocks are all simultaneously'A uniformly more or less from the centers 88 of oscillation of the lever bars 87, and controls the extent of throw or thrust of therock shaft cranks 65.-,and 67, and consequently controls the extent of opening and closing move- 'ments of the inlet and exhaust valves of the several cylinders, so that .the access of motive power fluids into the cylinder may be varied' in accordance with the efficiency demanded, at any given time, of theniotor; and again it will be manifest thatfassuming the engine is runningwith its shaft 7 rotating in a given direction, by moving thel slide blocks 89 to an opposite position relativelyto the 5 centers 88, on the lever ,bars 87, (as. maybe instantly done by imparting a' artial rotary motion to the' tumbler sha, 97)` the continued successions and alternations'as4 theretofore, of'the openings and closings of the inlet'and exhaust'valves of the cylinders will be instantly reversed, resulting in an inder piston and the-rotation ofthe engine shaft.

The oil pump 43, shown inthe drawings,

includes the two pumping plungers 102 engaged with which is the intermediately pivoted rocker bar 103 on the rocker shaft 101; and with said rocker bar, one end of a link 104 has connection, such link also connecting with a bloek 105 slidable along the oscillatory lever bar 106, ivotally mounted at 1.07, and the rod 108 orm'edfas one of the eccentric straps 109 connects, with the lever eccentric 110 upon-the short stud shaft '112; and on said shaft 112 is a `gear wheel 113,'

bar 106, the said strap 109 encircling an which is driven through speed reducing gearing 114 between the gear wheel 113 and the engine shaft. .'The slide'bl'ock 105 has a link 114 connected therewith, 4with which is also connected the ybell crank 115, and to one arindof this bell crank'lever link' is connected which also has connection with, a lever arm 117, which is aihxed to and is tobe considered as an` angular extension of, the lever 118 pivotedat `119 at the elbow.

With this lever 118 the connecting. rod 1,20 f

hasengagement, said rod being also connected to thepiston or diaphra m'in the casing 48. The lever'118, whic is 'comparatively long and more or lessnearly horizontahand has. the free extremity slotted, 'embraces and moves relativelyA to an approximatelyA verticalrod having an ,encircling spiral spring 12,3 against which the lever 118 swings in a 'downward direction, f and which spring in reacting forces the levery '118'in' an upward direction, and normally .to assume" the position represented fby. thev broken line 124 in Fig. 16.' The air pressure developed by the vair compressor, and deliveredinto the distributing chamber 26 is correspondingly establishedfin the casing 48, above the diaphragm or piston and causes a down swinging, more or less according to the pressure vof the lever 118, which, through the angular lever' extension 117,- link 116,

ing thev liquid fuel feed' proportionate in Y quantity rto the pressure and corresponding .quantity of compressed air to be mixed with thevfuel and supply into the cylinders. A,l

lowering' of the pressure in the regulator casing 48 insures a reversal of the movement of the last described connections because of the reaction of the spring 123, and so there is also automatically assured, on any-lowe`r ing inA pressure of the air supply from the compressor for a lessened'supplyinto the.-

cylinders a correspondingly lessened liquid ,fuel ingress thereto. f

The heater. 24 may have arelief valve 130- therefor so that the compressed air therein subjected to heat mayfblow 0E at any pre-.

determined pressure maximum, and the action of the engine maybe controlled furthermore by the provision of the valve 132 ico shown in Fig. 20 and the pipe connecting the compressed air heater 'with the distributing chamber 26.

, The combined heater and muffler shown Figs. 21 and 2 2 maybe one of manyspecific forms. and constructions, having the capability of receiving the compressed'air in a chamber therein separate from the chambers' or 4.passagesthrough which the exhausting' products of combustion pass.`v As here sholwn,

the heater is made of cylindrical form having end heads 133 and partitions 35 dividlng the chambers 135 for the motor exhaust from the. intermediate chamber." in and .through which the compressed air is passed'. The partitions 35, 35, have the flue connected openings distributed about the centralgportion of said partitions with which central portions' the conduits `33 and 37v for the ingress andegress of the motor exhaust are in axial alineinent, so that the exhausting lio Y dead gas entering witlimore or less pressure into one end ofthe-drum 24 will strike'the imperforate middle ortion' of 'thel one end partition, and there y be deflected orf distributed outwardly so as to pass through the multiplicity of flues not 'only for-heat' distribution, but also for the diminution of the -ipressure and noise producing, capability.

As represented' Fig; 20, th'e pipe 140 l .A AAAA.

mames leading from the auxiliary receptacle, and.

the cock 144 is provided in the said pipe 140 between the receptacle 142 and pipe 42, all

to the end that the pump may be in connectionwith either the petroleum .supply or the gasolene supply, and 'at one time with only l one thereof.

The engine may be most expeditiously started by closing the cock 143 and opening the cock` 142, giving initially a gasolene ingress into the working cylinders for admixture with the compressed air, the ignition being in the working cylinders of this motor by anycf the improved means, such .as a spark or incandescent plug or pilot light in each cylinder. So soon as the motor is Well under Way, the auxiliary, gasolene, supply is -sht off, and the petroleum supply is open 'to connect with the pump for the indefinitely continued delivery to the cylinders of the 'hydrocarbon relied on as the motive power iuid. vThe combustion of the Acombined oil and air begins with the opening of the cylinder inlet 12 and continues, at substantially uniform pressure, during the entire working stroke of the piston,-the'volume of the motive power fluid, however, increasing as the piston recedes; and this engine may be constructed so that the piston has a position at the commencement of this working movement Within a small fraction of an inch of the inner end wall or valve plate o'f the cylinder. And While this motor is principally intended, and as shown is designed as an internal combustion motor, as distinguished from explosive gas engines, this invention lis comprised in an apparatus which in some respects has adaptability for employment as an explosive engine. And while the motor is shown as having three Working cylinders in uniform arrangement, 'together with an air compressing cylinder of the same size as the Working cylinder, the number of Working cylinders may be increased or lessened, and the size of the air v,compressor relative to the working cylinder Aor cylinders may .be altered; butit is expected that the motor Will be constructed with the inclusion of an air compressor for producing and delivering compressed air :into'the working cylinders` at a pressure as great as. or greater than, thc pressure developed by the piston in any one of the Working cylinders; and it is not essential under'all aspects of this invention that the air compressor 4be operated by and from the power developed by the motor,-it being possible.

.to operate the. air compressor havingr the air supplying connections with lthe motor as described independently; and yet some degree of invention is involvedin the inclusion of, the air compressor and its actuating means substantially as shown in conjunction with the valve actuatingmechanism for one of the Working cylinders. 1

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent isz- L In a motor, in combination, an air compressor, a working cylinder having a piston therein, and having inlet and outlet openings, and admission and exhaust Valves therefor, and said cylinder comprising an annular oil chamber surrounding-the said inlet opening,` and having an annular slit connecting it with the `inlet opening, means for supplying liquid fuel to said `-annular chamber, a conduit for compressed air leading frolnthc airjcomprcssor to said inlet opening, a heater with which said conduit is connected and through which the compressed air to the cylinder inlet is conveyed,

and a conduit connected' with the-said ex- 3. In a motor of the character described,.

incombination, a plurality of motor c vlinders, each having a liquid fuel, inlet, and an exhaust opening, an oil distributing /pipc having branch connections with the cylinder inlet openings, and an air distributing chamber having branch connections with Said cylinder inlet openings, an oil supply receptacle and a pump for delivering oil therefrom through said oil distributing pipe,- an

air compressor, a heater into which-the compressed air is deliveredtlieref-roi-n, aconduit in communication with thevcylinder exhaust openings and lwith said heater, a conduit leading from the heater to the said air distributing chamber, pistons in the cylinders, an engine shaft, connected with the-pistons,

and having actuating connection with the y air compressor, valves for the cylinder' inlet and exhaust openings, and mechanism, operated from the engine shaft for actuating said valves.

4. In a motor of the character described, in combination, a plurality of motor c vlinders, cach having a liquid fuel, inlet, and an exhaust,'opening, an oil distributing pipe having branch connections with the cylinder inlet openings, and an air distributing cham- I the slides'andsaidrocklshafts, and'me'ans berhaving branch connections with said cyl-v lnder inlet openings, an oil supply receptaber having branch connections with said cylinder inlet openings, an oil supply receptacle -and a pump'for delivering oil therefrom through saidoil-distributing pipe, an air compressona heatervinto .which lthe coin- 'pressed air is delivered therefrom, a ,conduit in communication .with 'the cylinder exhaust openings 'and with said heater, a conduit leading from the heater to the said air distributing chamber, having a th rottling valve therein', pistons in the cylinders, .an engine shaft,connected with the pistons', and having actuating connection with the air compressor, lvalves for the' cylinder inlet and" "exhaust openings, and mechanism, operated from the engine shaft forv actuating said valves. 'v'

5. Inga motor of the character described, in combination, a plurality of'motor'cylinders, eachhaving a liquid fuel inlet, andan exhaust opening, an oil^V distributing pipe having branch connections with the cylinder inlet-openings, and anair distributing chamj cle and av pump for delivering oil therefrom through said oil distributing pipe, an air compressor, a' heater linto which the comressed air is delivered vtherefrom a conduit fin -communicationwith the cylinder exhaust openingsjand withl said heater, a conduit leading from'the heaterl to thesaid distributlng-chamber, having a throttling valve therein, pistons inthe cylinders, 1an-engineshaft, connected with-the'pistonsand having actuating-connection with the air compressor,valves for the cylinder inlet and exv spective; pairs of valves, intermediately pivoted oscillatorybars', eccentrics on the engine shaft and-eccentric' rods connected with said y haust openings,- mechanism,- operated. .from

\ the engine shaft, for actuating said valves,

andL comprising 'cranked Arock shafts coperating for alternating actions with the rebar s, slides ori-said bars, connections .between forpositioning said slideson said bars.

V6. a fin-.internal combustion' motor, inV combination one vor more working cylinders and aniair''comressor, and'a conduitcon'- nectedftherewit for supplying air to Said.

cylinders, La liquid fuel supply' anda,- pump forlforcing .oil-from said supply'to the cylinder, movable mechanism for actuating said oil, pump, pistons in the` cylinders and. the

motorgshaft in driving connection,v therewith;`

a' regulator comprising a movable member subject -totheairppressure developed by the air compressor,- apivotally mounted bar and connections between it and-the motor,V shaft,

the slide block oir'psaidbar,andy connections y between the latter and kthe oil` pumpv actuating mechanism, an" anglev lever, subjectto swinging movement bysaid movable, Vregu'- Qames t a regulator -comprising a movableinember,

L subject to the air pressure developed by the air compressor, a pivotally-mounted bar and connections between it and the motoiLsliaftr..m Y

the slide block on said bar, and connections between the latter -and the oil pump actuating mechanism, an ang-le lever, subject to swinging movement by said movable, regulator, `member, connections j' between said ,lever and said slidable block, and a reacting spring device, against which said an le lever moves in one direction, and operab e to reverse the movements of the connections both between the saidan'gle llever and the regulator member and between said lever and the :slidable block. w

8. In a motor of the ycharacter described, the combination with the engine shaft, working cylinders having inlet and-exhaust openings, 4and cylinder pistons connected with the 'engine' shaft, of an alrl compressor vhaving connection with the cylinder inlet openings, an oil supply receptacle, a pump inconnection therewith and with the cylinder inlet opening, and having movable actuating mechanlsm, a bar pivotally mounted," and .e

connections between the engine shaft and said .bar for oscilla-ting the latter, a block sli-dable on saidv bar, connections between said block 'andthe said foil. pump Vactuating mechanism, fo'actuating :the latter consequence of the oscillation of said block on said. bar, a regulator having a movable memloerv Subj ect to thepressuretofthe compressed air in delivery to the cylinders, the united v*and angularly arranged lever members 118,-

in engagement. with ythe"movable regulator member,--and. 117, the' bell crank lever '115,

thevlink 116 vconnecting. lever member' with said beller-ank, the link`114connecting the bellfcrank'with sai-d. slidable block, and-the rodp'122, having the spring encircling it and with which springthe extremity of the vvlever 4member v 118 engages, and f said".l rod.v having -the adjustable abutment 122%,ibetzween which' 'and said lei/ferl member 118 said-spring is 1n compression.

9. In an .internal c'ombii'st-'ion motor, thel 4 combinationwith one or more. wor 111gcyl- `inders, and an air compressor having con-Y .,nection withthe valved inlet `openings'therefin, of a receptacle for petroleum or likehy.- 'pdrocarbo'n-fuel, an auxiliary receptacle'for spective receptacles operable to maintain one of the latter in connection with said conduit, and the other closedfrom such connec- V tion, and 'vice versa.

l0. In an internal combustion motor, the

combination with one or more Working cylinder's', cylinder pistons, and the motor shaft, and an air compressor 'having connection with the `valved inlet openings therein, of a lreceptacle forpetrleum or like hydrocarbon fuel, an auxiliary receptacle for a more volatile liquid fuel, 4a conduit connected with the' l. inlet openings ofthe cylinders, an oil pump connected with said' conduit and having pumping connection with both said receptacles, and cocks pertaining'to said respective receptacles operable to maintain one of the latter in connection Withfsaid pump, and the'other closed fromfsuch connection,

and. vice Versa, andmechanism between' the niotor'shaftj and said oil pump for actuating the latter.. f

' 1v1. In aI motor of thecharacter described, i the combination with' one or more Working cylinders, having valved liquid-fuel and compressed-air inlet-openings, and exhaust-openings, and means for supplyingliquid, fuel tol said inlet openings, of an air compressor, a

casing comprising an intermediate air receivlng chamber and opposite end'chambers 135,'

135With the partition 35 separating them from said intermediate chamber, lues connectingsaid opposite end chambers, a conduit leading from the air compressor into said airreceiving chamber, and a conduit leading from suchchamber to communication with the inlet-openings of the cylinders, aconduit having branch connections with the exhaust openings of the cylinders and connected with one of the end chambers 135, anda discharge passage leading from the other end chamber, for the purposes set forth. v

Signedby me. at Springfield, Mass., in

presence of two subscrlbing witnesses.

CHARLES lHENRY ATKINS. Witnesses: WM. 'SY BELLoWs,

G. R. DRIsCoLL. 

